Gravity’s Role: Gravitational fields can subtly alter qubit behavior, offering new possibilities for quantum sensing.
Universal Impact: Even Earth’s weak gravity may affect quantum hardware, hinting at broader design considerations.
Future Applications: Insights could lead to GPS-free navigation and next-generation sensors in science and technology.
A joint effort between Nordita (hosted by Stockholm University and KTH) and Google Quantum AI has revealed how classical gravitational fields can influence quantum computing hardware. This new study, led by Professor Alexander Balatsky from Nordita and KTH, along with Pedram Roushan from Google, examines how gravity can shift qubit energy levels. Their findings underscore a surprising link between general physics and the practical operation of quantum devices.
Physicists Patrick Wong and Joris Schaltegger also contributed to the work, which appears in the manuscript “Quantum Sensing from Gravity as Universal Dephasing Channel for Qubits,” published in Physical Review on January 7. The research shows that gravitational effects, though typically overlooked, can cause small but detectable changes in qubit states. A vertically aligned array of qubits, such as Google’s Sycamore chip, may show measurable variations known as “dephasing.”
"We live in an era of a global technology race for universal quantum computation. Our research reveals that the same finely tuned qubits engineered to process information can also serve as precise gravity sensors - so sensitive, in fact, that future quantum chips may double as practical gravity sensors. This approach is opening a new frontier in quantum technology."
— Alexander Balatsky, Nordita and KTH
Influence on Quantum Hardware
Gravity remains one of the few forces that cannot be fully blocked, which draws special attention from scientists exploring quantum coherence. According to Wong, "Gravitation is unique—it cannot be shielded like electromagnetic radiation." Therefore, as quantum devices grow more complex, subtle gravitational shifts may become significant. Researchers see a path for enhanced error correction strategies and novel sensor designs in quantum computing.
The findings could also help scientists approach next-generation quantum applications. Because qubits are sensitive to external fields, harnessing gravity’s effect might spark new design principles. These principles may reduce errors and unlock greater precision for measuring natural phenomena.
"Quantum technologies applications grow across many fields and quantum sensing stands out as a near-term, practical application. Growing investments in the quantum technology in Sweden positions Nordita, KTH and SU as an important center for quantum computing and applications."
— Alexander Balatsky, Nordita and KTH
Opportunities Beyond Traditional Uses
The study lays groundwork for specialized chips that measure gravitational fields with high sensitivity. Some experts see possibilities for GPS-free navigation, which does not rely on satellite signals. In settings where satellites are not available, such quantum-based sensors could track location. This progress holds promise for various industries, including aerospace and military operations.
Jonas Weissenrieder, professor in materials physics at KTH, highlights opportunities in quantum materials as well. “Quantum materials constitute a cornerstone of tomorrow's quantum innovations. We at KTH envision great opportunities in the space of materials for quantum applications...” He notes potential for advanced photon detectors, magnetic field sensors, and more, all leading to future quantum pillars.
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